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Chapter 2.
	
Supersize Part 2: 
	
	
	
	
	
Replacing coal boilers with nuclear 
boilers.
Sputnik déjà vu (all over 
again):   The Russian BN-800 nuclear boiler is our  "Technology Opportunity"
Fast Neutron Reactor Overview - World Nuclear Association - April 2010 .pdf 
BN-800 update page 
http://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/b/BN-800+Reactor.html 
	


< Replacing this.                                                                      
With this. >
 
(Right) Rosatom 
BN-800 nuclear boiler.
 
(Left)  
230 feet high, open-air for cooling, 
a pair of 
Babcock & Wilcox 
supersized coal 
burning power plant boilers.  
- Photo: B&W Brochure  
  
 
Doing It.  The nuclear boiler 
that can replace the largest coal boilers.
	
	
	
	
	
	
Part   1    
Replacing coal boilers with nuclear boilers.  The "Right Stuff."
	
	
	
	
	
Part   2   
	
	
	
	
	
	
 We 
can replace coal boilers with high-temperature 
nuclear boilers.  
	
	Why do we have to use high temperature nuclear reactors?
Part   3   
	
	
	
	
Most of the world's 
slow-neutron nuclear reactors cannot replace a coal boiler.  
Going with what we've got.
	
	
	
	
Part   4    
	
	
	
	
The nuclear boiler that can replace the largest coal boilers.  
The BN-800 - the world's best Technology Opportunity.  
	
	
	
Sputnik déjà vu.
Part   5    
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	Oversized nuclear boilers 
make ending Global Warming financially attractive.
 
 
Part 1:   
Why the author thinks the BN-800 has the "Right Stuff"
Replacing coal boilers with nuclear boilers.  Its practical, beats "Clean Coal" by a mile.
(The more advanced high temperature 
fast-neutron reactors are better suited for coal replacement applications than 
are the older, far less uranium efficient, 
and cooler slow neutron reactors.  The BN-800 mentioned here is a 
commercial product being sold with smaller, earlier versions going back to 
1973.)
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
            
	
        Taichung's 550 MWe GE Turbine           Rosatom BN-800 880 
MWe Reactor        BN-800 
at 2,524 psia         
Conventional PWR reactor 
                                                                                                                                                                                        Turbine Steam Loop
Steam Type                          
Superheated                             
Superheated                          
     Superheated          
                  Subcooled
Pressure (psia)                           
2,524                  
                      
2,000                                         2,524                                       
900
Temperature (°F)                         
1,000  (331°F 
superheat)               
910  (275°F 
superheat)                
910  (241°F superheat)          
530
Sat. Temperature (°F)                     
669                                           
635                                     
      669                                       
532
Reheat Temperature 
(°F)
	
	
	
	
						
	
						
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
             
1,000  (from 550)               
No Reheat on stock unit              
Reheater could be added                 
None
Enthalpy (Btu/lbm)                       
1,461                  
                     
1,415                                  
        1,393                                      524
Internal Energy (Btu/lbm)              
1,318                  
                     
1,283                                  
        1,266                                      
520
Entropy (Btu/lbm-F)                            
1.53                                        
1.51                                    
         1.48                                     0.725
Specific Volume (ft3/lbm)                    
0.321                                      
0.358                                            
0.271                                   
0.021
Density (lbm/ft3)                                 
3.111                                      
2.796                                           
3.678                                  
47.231     Water = 62.4
Cp (Btu/lbm-F)                                    
0.665                                      
0.676                                           
0.7449                                  1.249
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
Steam compatibilities.  Using the 
world's largest supersized coal plant, Taichung, as the example.  
Rosatom's BN-800 880MWe high temperature nuclear boiler and Taichung's GE 550 
MWe turbine are a close, but not perfect fit.  At 880 MWe, the reactor can 
provide much more steam than the 550 MWe 
turbine can use.  The turbine is built for 2,524psi/1,000°F steam while the 
OEM BN-800 delivers 
2,000psi/910°F steam.  Mass flow would be about 3,187,000 pounds of water per hour.
The BN-800 has liquid-to-liquid 
steam generators as opposed to the much longer gas-to-liquid boiler tubes of a 
coal burning boiler.
Can the BN-800 make the 2,524 psia steam needed 
to drive the 550 MWe GE turbine to full power?  Yes, but you may not want 
to.  Saturated steam temperature 
for 2,524 psi is 669°F so making pressure isn't a problem.  
Of course this does mean the superheat and reheat would be 910
°F 
or 241°F 
over saturated instead of the coal boiler's 331°F.  
Compare the enthalpies.  95% with 910°F steam looks quite possible 
without risking undue high pressure stage turbine blade/bucket erosion.  
Recall that turbines cost 8% to 12% of the entire power plant so they can't be 
put at risk.
Stand-alone 
gas-fired superheater and reheater boosters are quite feasible.  Only 90 
degrees needs to come from the stand-alone boost units.  
That's about 216 million BTU/hr for the superheat at 2,524 psia, 138 million 
BTU/hr for the reheat at 552 psia, or a total of 354 million BTU/hr or, at $4 
per million BTU, = $1,420 per hour for that last 25 MWe boost to full throttle 
OEM output. 
Might be worth it on peak.
Along these lines of thought: 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
General Electric Steam Turbine Service 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
						
	
						
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	advertises the services of their turbine
rebuilding division. They 
suggest that they have newer blade designs for older turbines that will improve 
the turbine's efficiency.  After conversion from coal steam to nuclear 
steam, when the turbine becomes rebuild-ready, blades optimized for the lower 
superheat and reheat nuclear 
steam could be installed instead of simply renewing the 20+ year old coal steam 
blades.
Another aspect is what to do with all that extra steam power that 
will be available on sites that have coal units smaller than 880 MWe?  A 
second turbine gallery with new small low-cost coal steam turbine-generators 
comes to mind.  The second gallery could also be located in another 
unneeded portion of the coal yard.  Set up the heat exchangers and 
controllers to drive two separate loads?
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
(Below) BN-600 and BN-800 comparison.